Arduino Voltage & Frequency Simulation

/*
 * ============================================================================
 * Project: Arduino Voltage and Frequency Simulation
 * Platform: Autodesk Tinkercad Circuits / Arduino Uno R3
 * Author: Tishin (VideotronicMaker)
 * ============================================================================
 * Hardware Wiring:
 * - A0: Center wiper of 10k Potentiometer (0V - 5V)
 * - Pin 8: Piezo Buzzer / Speaker Positive Terminal
 * - I2C SDA (A4) / SCL (A5): HD44780 1602 LCD (Addr 0x27)
 * ============================================================================
 */

#include <Wire.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>

// Initialize 16x2 LCD at I2C address 0x27
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2);

const int potPin = A0;      // Analog input from 10k potentiometer
const int buzzerPin = 8;    // Output pin for piezo speaker tone

int rawADC = 0;
float voltage = 0.0;
int frequency = 0;

void setup() {
    Serial.begin(115200);
    
    // Initialize LCD with backlight
    lcd.init();
    lcd.backlight();
    lcd.clear();
    
    // Welcome splash
    lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
    lcd.print("VideotronicMaker");
    lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
    lcd.print("Volt-to-Freq Sim");
    delay(1500);
    lcd.clear();
    
    pinMode(buzzerPin, OUTPUT);
}

void loop() {
    // 1. Read 10-bit analog voltage (0 to 1023)
    rawADC = analogRead(potPin);
    
    // 2. Convert ADC counts to real-world voltage (0.00V to 5.00V)
    voltage = (rawADC / 1023.0) * 5.0;
    
    // 3. Map analog reading to acoustic frequency spectrum (100Hz to 5000Hz)
    frequency = map(rawADC, 0, 1023, 100, 5000);
    
    // 4. Update Piezo Buzzer Tone
    if (frequency > 110) {
        tone(buzzerPin, frequency);
    } else {
        noTone(buzzerPin);
    }
    
    // 5. Update Visual Telemetry on 1602 LCD
    lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
    lcd.print("Volt: ");
    lcd.print(voltage, 2);
    lcd.print(" V    ");
    
    lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
    lcd.print("Freq: ");
    lcd.print(frequency);
    lcd.print(" Hz   ");
    
    // 6. Transmit serial telemetry for VTM Studio Science Mode
    Serial.print("VOLT:");
    Serial.print(voltage, 2);
    Serial.print(",FREQ:");
    Serial.print(frequency);
    Serial.print(",ADC:");
    Serial.println(rawADC);
    
    delay(50); // 20Hz refresh cadence
}